Report+Proposal

**Group Members:**

 * 1) LOQMAN HAKIM BIN HASULBULLAH (AA09199)
 * 2) SITI NORASHIKIN BT YUSOFF (AA09185)
 * 3) MOHD. AIZAD BIN JOHARI (AA09197)


 * Course/Section:** UHL2332/A26


 * Title of report proposal:** Safety at Site Construction


 * Date of submission:** 27 JULY 2010


 * 1.0 Introduction**

Today the construction industry losses millions of dollar every year because of work site accidents. The worked related injuries, sickness and deaths have cause untold human misery and suffering. This is because the employer to pursue a luxurious deck safety aspects are not in care on site and the security aspects are not taken either by the weight of workers, employer or law. Among the causes of accidents at construction sites is because there is no care worker by the employer, the worker is not disciplined, not obey the law and another causes is because the site is not neat and well. Sometimes the employer and worker do not provide knowledge about the safety on construction sites. So the effects can cause death, the progress project can be delay and sometimes had to be stopped and the employer can get compound. Therefore there a several factors that must be adhered to for example for building high, net should be placed, the site should be placed, the site should be fenced and on construction sites should have signboard safety.

= = The Objectives of this research are:
 * 1.2 Research Objectives**
 * 1) To investigate the factor that causes death at construction sites.
 * 2) To investigate the effectiveness of the current laws in regards to the safety equipment at the construction site.


 * 1.3 Research Questions.**

Th Question of this research are:
 * 1) What is the factor that may cause death at construction site?
 * 2) What is the role of the authorities to ensure the effectiveness of success?


 * 1.4 Definition Of Terms**

Safety refers to the safety of disaster workers from injury, death or damage to the body. Aspects of consciousness, the perspective of law, covers the awareness by the authorities themselves, employers (contractors, subcontract tractors, project owners and project consultants) and employee self-awareness. The scope of awareness appears to include all three parties, including the implementation of awareness itself.


 * 1.5 Data Collection Method**

The collection method of this data are**:**
 * 1) The main scope of study is among student in Universiti Malaysia Pahang.
 * 2) We will be distribute questionnaires among people at area Gambang.


 * 1.6 Gannt Chart**

Gannt charts were used as a visual tool to show scheduled and actual progress of projects. The gannt chart of this proposal are: Loqman Hakim || 26/7/2010 (2 hours) ||
 * **TASK** || **NAME** || **DURATION** ||
 * **1.1 Introduction** || Siti Norashikin || 19/7/2010 (2 hours) ||
 * **1.2 Research Objectives** || Mohd Aizad,Siti Norashikin
 * **1.3 Research Questions** || Loqman Hakim,Mohd Aizad,Siti Norashikin || 26/7/2010 (2 hours) ||
 * **1.4 Definition of terms** || Siti Norashikin || 20/7/2010 (2 hours) ||
 * **1.5 Data Collection Method** || Mohd Aizad,Loqman Hakim,Siti Norashikin || 20/7/2010 (2 hours) ||
 * **2.0 Literature Review** || Loqman Hakim,Mohd Aizad,Siti Norashikin || 26/7/2010 (2 hours) ||


 * 2.0 Literature Review**

From journal of safety Research, volume 37, issue 5, 2006, pages 511-517. The research note of Michael McCann finds that heavy equipment and truck is related deaths on excavation work site. Many factors may cause death at construction site but from the Abstract we find the problem that the third leading cause of death in construction is contact with object and equipment. The research on deaths due to trenching, especially cave-ins (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1985; Rees, 1977; Suruda, Castillo, Helmkamp, & Pettit, 1994; Suruda, Smith, & Baker, 1988; Suruda, Whitaker, Bloswick, Philips, & Sesek, 2002; Twardowski, 1997). For the Methods is about the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries identified 253 heavy equipment related deaths on construction sites in the Excavation Work industry for the years 1992–2002. A result from the research is heavy equipment operators and construction laborers made up 63% of the heavy equipment- and truck-related deaths. Backhoes and trucks were involved in half the deaths. Rollovers were the main cause of death of heavy equipment operators. For workers on foot and maintenance workers, being struck by heavy equipment or trucks (especially while backing up for workers on foot), and being struck by equipment loads or parts were the major causes of death. Discussion: Ensuring adequate rollover protective structures for heavy equipment,requiring fastening of seat belts, adoption of a lock-out/tagout standard, establishing restricted access zones around heavy equipment, and requiring spotters for workers who must be near heavy equipment or trucks would reduce the risk of heavy equipment- and truck-related deaths in construction.

Received 30 May 2006; accepted 18 August 2006

Available online 28 November 2006

[|Journal of Safety Research 37 (2006) 511–517]

According to the article Developing Regulations for occupational exposures to health Waste in Malaysia has said that there are several laws covering occupational safety and health at work. One of which is the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the Factories and Machinery Act (FMA). Both have to provide that all employees who work under dangerous line of work and can bring misfortune must to be covered by the Act and related laws such as OSHA and FMA. The conclusion is each employer must provide a safe working environment and quality that each employee can work in comfort. Employers also must ensure that each employee obey and follow the safety guidelines set in the workplace so that accidents can be avoided, as outlined in the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the Factories and Machinery Act (FMA). ( Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 46, Issue 2, November 2006, Pages 131-135 Krishna Gopal Rampal, J. Mohd Nizam )

[|journal developing regulations for occupational exposures to health hazards in Malaysia]

From journal of Industrial Ergonomics, volume 15, page 261 until 269, Simon Salminen, Jorma Saari find the measures to improve and productivity simultaneously. The objective of this study was to determine how productivity and safety can be integrated. Two hundred and eight people connected with serious occupational accidents evaluated the effectiveness of 26 measures with respect to productivity and safety. The subjects felt that improving machines and equipment, providing more spacious work sites, and initiating better housekeeping would best increase both productivity and  safety. The subjects stressed that the example set by foremen was especially important for safety. The safety officers and workers' safety representatives were the most optimistic about the effects of the measures, whereas the foremen comprised the most critical group. The results showed that it is possible to devise measures which increase both productivity and safety. My opinion is to solve this problem the employer must to provide knowledge to workers and make sure the workers understand about the material, tools and machinery that being used.

Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety, Laajaniityntie 1, FIN - 01620 Vantaa, Finland Received November 28, 1993; accepted in revised form May 4, 1994 [|**International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics**] [| Volume 15, Issue 4], April 1995, Pages 261-269