ASSESSMENT+3

**1.1** **Background Information**
 * 1.0 Introduction**

The construction industry is one of the largest industries in Malaysia. Today, the aspect of concern for the safety of workers on construction sites has been increasing. The parties involved in the construction industry are continuously trying to reduce accidents and deaths among workers at construction sites. But there are still those who refuse to comply with safety regulations and caused the accident happened. Accidents at construction sites is still a very big issue in the media Today the construction industry losses millions of dollar every year because of work site accidents. The worked related injuries, sickness and deaths have cause untold human misery and suffering. This is because the employer to pursue a luxurious deck safety aspects are not in care on site and the security aspects are not taken either by the weight of workers, employer or law. Among the causes of accidents at construction sites because there are not concerned worker by the employer, the worker is not disciplined, not obey the law and another causes is because the site is not neat and well. Sometimes the employer and worker do not provide knowledge about the safety on construction sites. So the effects can cause death, the progress project can be delay and sometimes had to be stopped and the employer can get compound. The construction industry is one industry that is listed as a major contributor to economic development. However, this will be affected by the occurrence of many accidents, especially in construction sites which also impact on the economy. This is evidenced by the accident statistics released by the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) and the Occupational Safety and Health Statistics based on source of Labour and Human Resources in 2008. In addition, many news media publish accidents at construction sites sometimes involve death has aggravated the perception of local people and human resources. Therefore, the parties responsible to carry out the duties as prescribed in the Act to minimize the cases occurred. Listen Read phonetically ** 2 ** Listen ** 3 ** Read phonetically **1.2 Research Objectives** The Objectives of this research are: **1.3 Research Questions.**
 * 1) To investigate the factor that causes death at construction sites.
 * 2) To investigate the role of the authorities of the current laws in regards to the safety equipment at the construction site.

The Question of this research is: **1.4 Definition of Terms**
 * 1) What is the factor that may cause death at construction site?
 * 2) What are the role authorities to ensure the effectiveness of success?

Safety refers to the safety of disaster workers from injury, death or damage to the body. Aspects of consciousness, the perspective of law, covers the awareness by the authorities themselves, employers (contractors, subcontract tractors, project owners and project consultants) and employee self-awareness. The scope of awareness appears to include all three parties, including the implementation of awareness itself. **1.5 Organizations of the report** Based from our report writing, the report organized from chapter one, chapter two, chapter three, chapter four and chapter five. In chapter one is the introduction that includes background information, objective of the study, research question and definition of key terms. Chapter two is about the literature review. For chapter three presents the research methodology. It is includes the settings, data collection, data analysis and statistical instruments used to analyze the data. Chapter four discusses about result and discussion. Last but not least, chapter five presents the conclusion.

**2.0 LITERITURE REVIEW**

Researchers at present have made several discoveries that are important to defend the fate of workers at the construction site. Construction workers are exposed to many serious safety hazards, including those responsible for back injuries. Gervais (2003) for example reported that the numbers of accidents occurring at construction site was related to several factors among which are lack of knowledge and experience of the workers on site and weather factors affecting the site exposed to the rain that has caused the occurrence of slips and falls from high place. Ling, Liu & Woo (2008) there are also different factors that a study that an evaluation of scaffold safety at construction sites which is revealed the cause of death was dropped from the top down. Centred to protect Workers right (2002). Researchers also have carried out studies on the factors that cause death due to heavy vehicles. Example of a similar study of the safety of the journal research by Micheal McCann (2005) found that heavy equipment and truck-related deaths at work sites excavation. Other factors that have been carried out the study by the researchers are accident said to show that there is something wrong in the management and lack of the leadership in the management at administrator. Peterson (1971, 1989) these studies also have found some evidence at construction sites are caused by management talk on safety provision of safety booklet, provision of safety equipment, providing safety environment and appointing a trained safety representative on site. Edwin, Shamil & Daniel (1999). Another factor that can cause the accident at construction site is accidents caused by individuals themselves. This is because there is no awareness and not concerned about security at the construction site. According to Cox and Cox (1991) there are five factors involved in accidents which is personal attitudes, individual responsibility, the safety environment, the effectiveness of security procedures and personal immunization. Similarly, all these related studies conducted have equality, such as inefficient management of the site has result in several major contributors to accidents. Edwin, Shamil and Daniel (1999). The researched conducted by Gervais has stated the main approaches identified in the literature to the presentation of back disorders were the integration of safety considerations into the planning of construction work, adoption of good management practices, provision of adequate training, improvement of working conditions, and elimination of biomechanical hazards. The second group of researchers Halperin and McCann examine an evaluation of scaffold safety at construction sites. Construct revealed the cause of death was dropped from the top down. It relates to the operation of machines that cannot be controlled until the accident involving scaffolding. For example, the excavator operator negligent in doing so crashed the existing scaffolding revealed well-built. Other factors that influence the occurrence of accidents of various countries is first due to personal factors such as age and experience, both environmental factors and equipment (type of accident, the source of injury), the third factor is a project (contract number, type of project), the fourth factor is the management and the lastly factor is the time. (Cattledge, 1996. Kartam 2000, Siu 2003, Tam 2004 Angela & Ines 2005, Macedo & silva, 2005, Aksorn & Hadikusumo, 2008). Survey carried out safety management of construction industry has revealed that security measures are inadequate and lack of awareness of safety (in both the workers and management) is the main reason that makes the high incidence of work accidents in the industry the factors to the high construction accident first problems arising from the employee or work team (70% of accidents), second workplace issues (49%), third lack of equipment (56%), problems related to the suitability and condition of materials (27%) and lastly lack of risk management (84%). (Sawacha, 1999; Tam, 2004; Angela & Ines, 2005; Aksorn & Ines, 2005) In short, most studies reported above found that safety on construction site is an important point and requires special attention because the lives of workers who work lies in the safety procedures. For example in Singapore 40 accidents were reported and are form 2006 and 2008 in the industrial countries. Florence, Yean & Yue (2008). Construction worker safety in the design phase designing for construction worker safety despite the importance of construction safety in the United Stated has been extended to owners of construction projects, designers usually do not participate in matters of security. Designers often shy away from responsibility for the safety of construction workers mainly because they lack knowledge about safety. A praised British effort, this study takes the next step in addressing construction worker safety. As the research by these journal, the accidents events could be avoided if steps are taken such as screening of employees who are able to facilitate the understanding and delivery of instruction to employees that the information received is not mistaken. These hazards could be avoided if steps are taken such as screening of employees who are able to facilitate the understanding and delivery of instruction to employees that the information received is not mistaken. Because the workers who have good educational backgrounds may interpret the information received and translated into good actions. This is important to create a safe workplace and the lack of risk factors due to accidents and losses. **3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY** **3.1 SETTING** The information used in this study is taken through the distribution of feedback questions from lecturers, staff and students at University Malaysia Pahang. The title of this survey form is Safety at site construction. It consists of section A, B, C and D. section A is demographic information such as Age, gender, position in organization, nature of organization and place of work. Section B, C and D consists of 13 questions to be completed by the responder. This question relates to the safety at construction sites such as factors that may cause death at construction site and effectiveness off current laws. The important thing in distributing the survey form is making sure to whom we distribute. If the student, the student must have experience working at site construction several year ago. If the UMP’s staff, it necessarily related to the safety of either the laboratory or site. If the lectures, that lectures must have had experience in the industry. **3.2 DATA COLLECTION** This study will also employ the descriptive method using quantitative measurement in the collection data. This involves the collection of data to answer questions concerning about safety at site construction among University Malaysia Pahang Lecture, staff and students. A questionnaire was developed to the responder. It contains 10 questions and aims to investigate the factors that caused the death at site construction and effectiveness off current laws. The questionnaire was administered to respondents at random from the 25-40 range in the UMP party. Which location is in the room lectures, laboratories and lectures room. From this questionnaire we will be able to get ideas and make conclusions about the safety of site construction. Written instructions were given to the students on the questionnaire to ensure that it was responded appropriately. Finally, the response was analyzed and used to explain the findings from the survey questionnaire and the response were analyzed by using the graphical method. The frequency method is used to tabulate and convert the data into percentage or mean form. The findings are discussed in the next chapter which is in chapter four that presents the result and discussion based on the survey that we had done. **3.3 DATA ANALYSIS** As stated by David E Gray 2006, questionnaire are perhaps one of the most popular data gathering tools, probably because they are thought by many researchers to be easy to design. This belief, as well shall see, it not necessarily supported by the evidence. As Gillham (2002) points out, the popularity of questionnaires is also probably based on some of their inherent advantages such as the inflow data is quick and low cost in term of time and money. By using the responses from the University Malaysia Pahang students based on the questionnaire and after the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered, the percentage for the result will obtain. The result will indicate the factors that cause stress among University Malaysia Pahang the most and the best way to manage the stress among the students. **__REFERENCES__** Gervais M. (2003). Good management practice as a means of preventing back disorders in the construction term sector, (Canada). //International Journal Of Safety Science, 41(2),// 77 -88 Ling F.Y.Y, Liu M. & Woo Y.C. (2008). Construction fatalities in Singapore, (USA). //International Journal of Project Management, 27(2009),// 717 – 726 Edwin S., Shamil N. & Daniel N. (1999). Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites, London. //International Journal of Project Management, 17(5),// 309 – 315 S.salminen & J. Saari (1995). Measures to improve safety and productivity simultaneously. //International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 15,// 261 – 269 Cheng, C.W. Lin, C.C & Leu, S.S. (2010). Use of association rules to explore cause-effect relationships in occupational accidents in the Taiwan construction industry. //Safety Science, 48,// 436 – 444 J, Gambatese & J, Hinze. (1999). Addressing construction worker safety in the design phase designing for construction wopker safety. Automation in construction, 8, pp 643-649 McCann,M. (2006) Heavy equipment and truck-related deaths on excavation work sites (USA).//Journal of Safety Research 37,// 511–517 Kopl M. Halperin & McCann. M (2003) An evaluation of scaffold safety at construction sites (USA). //Journal of Safety Research 35,// 141– 150 Rafiq M. Choudhry & D.P Fang (2008). Why operatives engage in unsafe work behavior: Investigating factors on construction sites (China). //Safety Science 46,// 566–584